Tag Archives: ETFs

What Are the Common Types of Registered Education Savings Plans and Which is Best?

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There are three common types of Registered Education Savings Plans. In the linked articles is information about them explaining some of the pros and cons of each. This article aims to help you choose which type of RESP will best meet your needs depending on whether you wish to invest in equities or not and on how much money you have to invest.

The Three Common Types of RESPs

Which is the Best Type of RESP for Someone Who Won’t Take Any Risks With Their Money?

Some people flatly refuse to invest RESP money in the stock market. There can be many reasons:

  • Their child will need the money to go to university, college or trade school in fewer than 5 years.
  • They have only managed to save a very small amount per year, perhaps $250, and would be horrified if they lost even $1 of it.
    (Note, though, that investing in savings accounts and in guaranteed investment certificates could mean losing money due to inflation. A text book that cost $100 10 years ago may cost $120 now. If the person put $100 into their RESP 10 years ago, and if it is not worth $120 today, it has lost ground to inflation.)
    Still, many people would rather lose a fraction of their money’s value to inflation rather than lose 10-50% if the stock market drops just when their child needs the money for school.
  • Their RESP only offers investing in the stock market through mutual funds which have very high fees and expenses.
  • They may have lost a large amount of money in the past by selling their shares or equity mutual funds when the stock market had dropped.

For these people, a bank or a brokerage held RESP is often the best.

If they only have small amount saved, the fees for using an online brokerage will probably be too high. (CIBC’s Investor’s Edge offers a RESP brokerage account with no minimum balance however there is a minimum purchase size of $5 000 per GIC.) In this case, a RESP at a credit union (which usually offers higher interest rates on GICs and cash deposits) or a bank is usually the best choice.

If they have a lot of money (about $15 000 or more) in the RESP, they may want to check the details of using an online brokerage to host their RESP. This is because brokerages offer GICs sold by many financial institutions which usually pay higher rates than those offered by a single bank. For example, today, in October 2014, BMO is offering 1.6% for a GIC that matures in 5 years. The minimum GIC purchase size is $1 000. At BMO InvestorLine they are offering 2.5% for a GIC that matures in 5 years issued by Home Trust. The minimum GIC purchase size, though, is $5 000.

Both banks and brokerages usually offer a daily interest savings account within their RESPs. Today, in October 2014, BMO is offering a rate of 1% in its RESP savings account. BMO InvestorLine is offering 1.25% in a savings account with a minimum $5 000 balance.

NOTE: It is worth checking what Credit Unions and Trust Companies are offering for their RESP accounts if you are interested in investing only in daily interest savings accounts and GICs. Some of these institutions offer the highest rates on fixed income investing. Always check what type of deposit insurance is provided, however, before setting up a RESP.

Personally, I do not recommend investing in group RESPs. For some reasons, please see the Advantages and Disadvantages of Holding a Group RESP through a Private Company.

Which is the Best Type of RESP for Someone Who Wants to Invest in Equities and Bonds But Who Doesn’t Have Much Money?

Other investors want to invest their RESP contributions in a variety of ways including some in bonds or a daily interest savings account, some in GICs and some in the stock markets.

If they do not have much money in the RESP (perhaps less than $15 000) it may be too soon to consider a discount brokerage account. That would depend on what the annual fee is for the brokerage, and what commissions and fees it may charge to purchase various investments.

If discount brokerages are out, that tends to leave RESPs held at banks, credit unions and trust companies. Of these, one is most popular: the TD Canada Trust e-Series Index Funds RESP.

One very popular “couch potato” method of investing for this type of person uses the TD Canada Trust e-Series Index Funds option.

These funds are bought and sold online which reduces the costs for TD to offer the funds. The management fees and expenses are relatively low compared to most other mutual funds. For example, the MER for the Canadian Index fund is 0.33 and for the Canadian Bond Index fund is 0.50. Like other funds, however, you can buy new units with no additional fee and you can invest small amounts.

(If you buy Exchange Traded Funds, or ETFs, from most brokerages, you will have to pay a commission of $5-$10 for each purchase or sale. There are some brokerages that offer free ETF purchases, though.)

You can read more about this type of TD e-Series Funds portfolio on the Canadian Couch Potato website.

For personal insights, the Big Cajun Man appears to have used these funds for his children’s RESP; you can read about his experiences at the Canadian Personal Finance site.

Remember as your child approaches the age to start using the money, you will probably want to shift your investments from equities to fixed income. For example, if you have $1000 invested in a TSX index fund, you may not want to take the chance of a sudden drop in its value to $500-$900 just before your child needs to spend the money. In that case, you should move the $1000 from the TSX index fund to a daily interest savings account fund or, less desirably, to a money market fund.

You can also set up a “couch potato” portfolio of mutual funds that mirror the stock exchange indices in a RESP at most major banks. The management costs and fees, though, for the funds (the MERs) may be much higher than for the TD e-Series funds. Please check all the costs carefully before choosing where to invest.

Personally, I do not recommend investing in group RESPs offered by private companies. For some reasons, please see the Advantages and Disadvantages of Holding a Group RESP through a Private Company.

Which is the Best Type of RESP for Someone Who Wants to Invest in Equities and Bonds and Has a Fairly Large Amount Saved?

This type of investor usually wants to have some of the RESP portfolio invested in

  • bonds,
  • GICs and
  • cash, and some invested either in
  • Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs),
  • mutual funds, or
  • individual shares and stocks.

Discount online brokerages offer an easy way to invest RESP funds in all of these categories.

Examples of these brokerages include

  • BMO InvestorLine,
  • CIBC Investor’s Edge,
  • RBC Direct Investing,
  • Scotia iTrade, and
  • TD Direct Investing.

There are also independents like Questrade. And, in fact, many large Canadian financial institutions have an associated online brokerage.

Are There Any Important Considerations When Choosing One Discount Brokerage Over Another for a RESP?

Yes.

In addition to the usual factors when choosing a brokerage such as

  • Which financial institutions’ GICs does it offer for sale? What is the minimum purchase size? Can they be purchased online or does the client have to phone in an order?
  • Does it offer a daily interest savings account no-fee fund? What is the minimum holding amount?
  • Are the screens easy to understand?
  • Is it simple and quick to execute a buy or sell of an investment?
  • Are the statements useful?
  • Does it offer a synthetic DRIP for the stocks and ETFs that I want to hold?

You should also be asking RESP-specific questions such as:

  • How much money does my account have to hold to avoid any annual fees, inactivity fees or maintenance fees?
    (Different brokerages use different names for these costs.
    For example, Questrade advertises that it does not charge an annual fee, but the fine print shows it charges an inactivity fee on small accounts if a certain number of trades are not made each quarter-year.)
  • What is the commission charge for each purchase or sale of units of an ETF or block of shares of the same company?
  • Does the brokerage support all of the government matching grants and bonus programs from which my child is entitled to receive money? (Most brokerages support the Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG, but not all support QESI for Quebec nor some of the other provincial grants such as the Saskatchewan one.)

Right now, in November 2014, it looks like CIBC Investor’s Edge may be offering one of the better deals for a RESP held by a “Big Five” Canadian bank online brokerage:

  • Investor’s Edge does not require a minimum balance in a RESP to avoid annual fees.
  • Investor’s Edge offers trades for a commission of $6.95 no matter how much you have in your account. This means to buy units of one ETF costs $6.95. To sell those units costs another $6.95.

There are other factors to consider, however, such as the fact the minimum GIC purchase size is $5 000 and they don’t offer GICs from Home Trust for sale.

Still, if our RESP was not at BMO InvestorLine, I would seriously consider hosting it at Investor’s Edge.

Group RESPs also often invest in stocks, bonds and funds on behalf of their clients. Personally, though, I do not recommend investing in group RESPs offered by private companies. For some reasons, please see the Advantages and Disadvantages of Holding a Group RESP through a Private Company.

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Do you have a RESP? Where did you choose to set it up? Did you choose one of these options, or another? Please share what led to your decision and whether you’re pleased about it with a comment.

Why Do Markets at All Time Highs Mean a Crash Is Coming? Don’t Stocks Have to Go Up to Be Worthwhile?

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As soon as markets start to go up and stay up for a few months in a row, someone starts predicting that they will crash. And when the TSX and NYSE hit new “record highs” the buzz became almost deafening: Now a MAJOR market meltdown was inevitable–it was just a matter of when. But why? Why do people assume that markets reaching all time highs mean a crash is coming: if the stock market is supposed to return an 8% or higher average, doesn’t it mean it MUST set new records and fairly steadily?

Why Does Anyone Invest in the Stock Market?

Investing for Income

Some people invest in companies listed on the stock markets to get dividends and distributions. Their investment choices are driven by a need for income.

Not all companies offer dividends or distributions though. Why would people buy shares in those companies?

Investing for Capital Gains

Many other people are investing in companies’ stocks to try to win a capital gain. They want to pay $20 for a share and sell it to someone else for $40, or more. They are willing to buy shares that don’t pay anything to investors but which may be worth more in the future than they are now.

Obviously, sometimes these investors are unlucky. The perceived value of the company drops and if they sell their shares they realize a capital loss.

Shouldn’t the Stock Markets Indices, Over Time, Go Up?

If you go to a site like Yahoo Canada finance, or sign in to a brokerage website, you should be able to look at a graph of the S&P TSX Composite Index over several years. Go to https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=^GSPTSE&t=my&l=on&z=l&q=l&c= and if necessary click on: Max

It should have jagged peaks up and sharp valleys down, but there should still be an overall trend in an upwards direction. Or at least there should be if you believe that investing in the stock market should yield you a capital gain, over time, if you invest a tiny bit in every company in that market index.

If you look at the last 10 years of the S&P TSX Composite, you will likely notice it spiked up to a nice point at about 14 000 in 2011 and it’s currently (in September 2014) at 15 000 and still climbing. In 2008 it also reached over 15 000. On January 1, 1985 it was under 3 000.

The overall trend from 1985 till now is up.

So why, just because we are finally trading in the 15 000 plus range, are people shouting it’s going to crash?

For people who had all of their money invested before May 2008, and who invested for capital gains not for dividends or distributions, it must seem like the party is just about to start. For years they’ve waited patiently, pocketing any useful distributions and dividends, but biding their time waiting for some big ticket capital gains.

Unless there’s some “invisible ceiling” at just over 15 000 why should anyone be panicking?

Doesn’t Couch Potato Index Investing preach that you don’t try to time the market, you just buy steadily and hang on for the ride? I’ve never read an index investing article that said there is a maximum the market is allowed to rise.

Why I Am Still Investing a Bit a Month Every Month Into the Index Funds Mirroring the Stock Markets

I’m not the usual type of investor. I’m very conservative and very risk averse. So my portfolio stands on a wide, thick platform of fixed income securities. Enough, in fact, to provide a modest retirement income if all of our other investments failed.

Most of our new money, however, is going into the equity markets.

We are still vacillating about whether to invest the majority of it into income-generating investments or into “buy the entire market” index investments.

While we are deciding, we are putting some of our new investment funds into both. It’s wishy washy but it beats having everything sitting in cash.

So every month, we put a bit more into the stock market in the form of “buy the entire market” “ultra low fee” ETFs.

And I don’t see any reason to stop doing that just because the markets are at “all time highs.” If they never pass today’s “all time high” then there is no actual capital gain ever to be made by investing in index funds. A whole branch of the investing industry is mistaken. They will all lose money and never be able to speak on CTV or CBC again.

That seems unlikely to me. Yes, there may be a market pullback or even a radical plummet. But if you believe that capital gains can be made by investing in an index-matching-style then sooner or later, the money you invested in an index should return to parity and should, ultimately, increase in value.

I don’t like the uncertainty. I don’t like wondering if I might be buying just at the time when the rug is about to be pulled and the market will tumble into a trench it will take years to climb back out of. But that’s the uncertainty I have to accept if I want to invest in index-linked products in order to (theoretically) capture some capital gains worth more per dollar invested than my fixed income investments can yield.

Wish me luck!

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Do you index or couch potato invest? Do you have faith that the S&P TSX Composite must eventually keep rising about 15 000 and in fact above 16, 17, 18, 19 and even 20 000? Or are you selling out, buying food and ammo, and building a bunker out of gold bricks? Please share your views with a comment.