No Easy Answers to Saving in The Retirement Catch-Up Guide

Like most library patrons, I keep an eye on the books sitting on display shelves and happily pick up any that sound interesting: after all, if the book isn’t good it didn’t cost me anything to try it. (I prefer to only buy books that I will read more than once, like Terry Pratchett novels.) The Retirement Catch-Up Guide seemed like a catchy title, so I snagged it looking for any easy answers to increasing our savings or improving our pensions.

Check the Country of Origin of Retirement Books

When I opened the book at home the first thing I noticed was the annoying phrases “Uncle Sam”, “IRAs, and Roth IRAs”  and “401(k)” littering the Introduction’s starting page. I had made the classic mistake of not checking the country of origin of the book. Fortunately, I hadn’t bought the book. I decided to read it anyway, in case there were ideas that could cross the border successfully. Sections on avoiding taxes and so on, however, were irritatingly common.

For example, in the USA State taxes can vary greatly depending on what services, or lack of services, the state provides. If you look at an income tax calculator for Canadian taxes, though, like the one that Ernst and Young provides, you’ll find there isn’t a huge difference in provincial taxes. That’s because our provinces all offer a fairly similar level of service . So the book’s advice to consider moving to another State to significantly lower your taxes isn’t particularly useful to Canadians intending to stay in Canada.

Some of the advice about minimizing taxes and mortgages is also not relevant in Canada. Generally speaking, we can’t deduct mortgage interest costs from our income taxes.

Check the Date of Original Publication of Retirement Books

The copy of the book I borrowed had been acquired by the library in 2006. But it was first published in 2000. That means it was likely written in 1998 or 1999. It had been revised in 2003 but not as much as you might expect given the dot-com stock market bubble popped.

The book is based on “real” examples of situations people found themselves in while approaching or in retirement. That means that the amounts of dollars that they were saving or receiving were the real amounts in the late 1990s when the book’s data was collected. With inflation, though, these numbers now seem ridiculously small. It’s jarring to read.

Similarly, the numbers quoted for “average” rates of return seem ridiculously high. Here’s an example, “She will sell an investment property that she’s been renting out, and re-invest the proceeds—hopefully at a 15 percent rate of return per year.” I wish!

What’s Good about The Retirement Catch-Up Guide

  • The book does have some good advice and some good points, though.
  • It leads the reader through the basic steps required to plan for retirement, although without a great deal of detail. For example, the reader should
  • Check all of the possible sources of income for retirement. The book gives examples of some that people might have overlooked.
  • Plan what retirement looks like. Someone who plans to travel the world playing the top golf course in each country will need more retirement funds than someone who plans to downsize to a rented apartment in a small town where their children live and provide childcare for their grandchildren in return for meals.
  • Estimate what retirement costs will need to be paid.
  • Look for creative ways to increase retirement savings or income. Some examples include people selling real estate and investing the proceeds or buying real estate as an investment or as a rental income option. Many people upgraded their skills and looked for jobs that paid more for their last 15 working years. Others planned to work part-time in retirement, often for themselves, and acquired the skills they would need to make that happen while still working.
  • Consider whether you can maximize your retirement living while minimizing your costs by re-locating. The book describes how some retirees moved out of the country and within the country to reduce their costs of living.

What’s Bad About the Retirement Catch-Up Guide

  • It’s outdated. This really shows up in the expected rates of return for investing and costs of living.
  • It’s fairly shallow. You can’t describe well how to invest in 10 pages including the stock market, real estate and a personal business.
  • It’s country-specific to the USA.

Recommendation for the Retirement Catch-Up Guide

If you have this book freely available, for example at your library, it may be worth a quick read through, especially if you live in the US. Generally, though, I’d skip this one and look for a more recent book written for the country you live in.

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How Can I Estimate My Spending Using a Black Box Method Instead of Keeping a Spending Journal or Log? Part Two

In the previous part of this article, I explained how I kept a spending log when I was a student and a new graduate but how I stopped once our income greatly exceeded our spending. As retirement approaches, however, I wanted a good idea of what our actual annual spending is. So I started doing the math but using a Black Box annual calculation rather than writing down every $1.75 spent on a parking meter. Here’s how I estimate our annual expenses and spending without keeping a log or journal.

The Black Box Method of Estimating Our Annual Spending Now With Investments and Multiple Income Streams

Nowadays, the equation is the same but much more complicated. It’s still

SPENDING = IN – CHANGE

But the “IN” and “CHANGE” values are more difficult to know. And I want them to be very accurate.

It matters because it is critically important to identify all of our sources of income or we will underestimate our spending. That would make for a very bad retirement plan.

What Were Our Income Streams Or Sources of Money Coming In During the Past Year?

Some of our income sources were easy to remember:

  • payrolls
  • restricted stock units, RSUs
  • annual bonuses
  • income from small businesses (like the whopping $16 generated by NaturalCrooks.com. Still that’s equivalent to a movie ticket and it needs to be accounted for)

Other income sources from investments were fairly easy to remember thanks to paying taxes on them:

  • UCCB payments (which were ultimately clawed back for the most part but still must be shown going in)
  • CRA tax refunds (even $158 has to be included: that’s enough to pay a quarterly water bill in retirement)
  • interest from bank accounts (this gets large when you maximize the return on your emergency fund and short-term savings goal funds)
  • dividends from non-registered stocks when that amount pays into your regular bank account
  • interest from bonds or GICs if that amount pays into your regular bank account (which it does for our emergency fund savings)

Income sources that were more difficult to remember or overlook

  • repayments from our health spending account or health benefits for items purchased the previous year (Repayments for items bought within the year cancel each other out. You do need to remember to include those refunded costs separately in your retirement spending planning though if you won’t have health coverage when you retire! We received back a significant amount of money in January, however, for a dental expense paid for in December of the previous year.)
  • the withdrawal from a work savings plan

I had to find the values for each of the above income sources and add them all up to know how much money we had coming in last year. (Note: DON’T compare this amount to your combined gross pay. It’s not particularly inspiring to see that the government finds your hard work so profitable even if you wholly support the idea of the able and blessed helping to support the less fortunate through government programs.)

But Which Bank Account Do I Use for My CHANGE Value or Black Box?

It was easy as a student with only one bank account to figure out the annual CHANGE value for the black box equation. It’s more complicated now.

For our estimate we did not include our

  • RRSPs
  • TFSAs
  • RESPs or
  • Non-Registered Trading accounts

inside the Black Box. That worked because we did not withdraw any money from any of those accounts during that year. We did make contributions to all of those accounts.

Those contributions will need to be subtracted from our SPENDING result since some of our spending was actually used to increase our savings.

Our black box was drawn around our

  • 5 chequing accounts
  • 6 savings accounts
  • emergency fund GICs

So for each of those accounts and for the GICs, I determined the value on January 1 of the year and at the end of the day on December 31.

Estimating Our Total Spending for the Year Without Tracking, Journaling or Logging Our Expenses

Once again, the final equation was simple:

SPENDING = IN – CHANGE

What Annual Spending Could I Identify Easily?

Of course, I nearly fainted when I did that math. Our SPENDING looked huge. Then I looked a bit closer. Included in that amount was

  • $5000 per child contributed to their RESPs (we are catching up on the years we did not contribute by making a contribution of $5000 each year to get the maximum grant of $1000 per year)
  • $10000 per each of us for our TFSAs that year, so that was $20 000 (that was the year the government tried to buy votes by boosting the TFSA limit)
  • $x to our RRSPs (darn those pension adjustments: I’d rather have the pension funds in my RRSP to invest than in the company DC plan that is very limited in its choices)
  • $y to charity (that’s just the donations for which we got receipts and could therefore claim the amount on our income tax return. The actual number is higher.)
  • $z for our extravagant vacation to the wilds of LaHave, Nova Scotia (No all-inclusive tropical resorts for this family.)

When I took out those large chunks of money from our spending, I felt much better. Our spending was now significantly lower.

What Else Can I Easily Identify for Our Annual Spending? How Much Is Our Discretionary Annual Spending?

I keep track of what we pay each month and year for

  • natural gas
  • water
  • electricity
  • telephones
  • internet
  • TV (zero!)
  • property taxes
  • home insurance
  • car insurance
  • license plates, driver’s licenses and CAA
  • gasoline

Including the ridiculous amount we pay for car insurance (we’ve never had an accident or ticket in over 30 years of driving) and the fact we drove to our Maritime vacation and back, our(mostly) “non-discretionary” expenses are about $16 000 a year. Note that doesn’t include rent or a mortgage as we’ve paid off our home.

So

DISCRETIONARY SPENDING = total SPENDING – Known Expenses

That number was still annoyingly high. But not exorbitantly. And some of those costs MIGHT drop in retirement if the kids ever grow up and leave home. Certainly if we are not employed out of the home, the costs for putting money in the envelope every second day for another retirement, birthday or transfer will end!

Checking Your Annual Spending Once a Year Makes Planning Easier

I’ve been checking our annual spending using this Black Box method for the last few years. It’s helpful. It tells me we aren’t significantly changing our spending patterns. It gives me an idea of how inflation is impacting our real spending. It motivates me to keep buying necessary items when they are on sale rather than ignoring the pricing cycles for everyday groceries and household goods.

It makes it easier to plan for retirement knowing a realistic number for our spending, rather than using one of those “You need 80% of your pre-retirement income” rules. That’s particularly important for us as we are saving more than half of what we make now.

Obviously the only reason we’d need 80% in retirement is if we suffer a serious health setback!

I’ll keep checking this way for now. I may have to go back to writing down every cent I spend once we retire but for now, this is enough detail for us.


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Do you track your actual spending or do you use a Black Box method to estimate? Were you shocked the first time you realized just how much you’re spending on non-identifiable things? Please share your views with a comment.