Advantages and Disadvantages of Holding a Self-Directed RESP Account at a Discount Brokerage

When you first start a Registered Education Savings Plan you usually don’t have much money in it. But if you are able to contribute enough each year to receive the maximum Canada Education Savings Grant, and especially if you have more than one child and you can contribute $2500 each per year, within a few years you may have over $10 000 in the account. That’s when many people begin to think about ways to maximize their returns and to resent the fees they often have to pay for mutual funds. One option to consider is opening a self-directed RESP online brokerage account so that you can choose GICs from a variety of places or invest in stocks, ETFs and mutual funds; this article lists some of the advantages and disadvantages of RESP brokerage accounts.

Pros for Holding your Children’s RESP at an Online Discount Brokerage

If you wish to invest in Guaranteed Investment Certificates, you are not limited to the ones offered by a single bank which may only offer low interest rates. For example, if your RESP is at BMO InvestorLine, you can buy GICs from over 10 financial institutions including Home Trust and Equitable Bank both of which often pay rates significantly higher than the major Canadian banks.

You can invest in a mutual fund which mimics a daily interest savings account. The going rate is usually slightly less than paid by online banks such as PC Financial and Tangerine. (For example 1.2% vs 1.3%.)

You can buy units of low fee Electronically Traded Funds, ETFs, that mirror the performance of major stock exchanges such as the TSX or the NYSE

You can usually select mutual funds offered by a large variety of financial institutions with no fee required for the purchase and no penalty for selling the fund after holding it for 90 days (no load funds.) If there is a specific fund you wish to invest in, though, be sure to check that the brokerage offers that fund before opening your brokerage account. Each brokerage offers slightly different investment choices.

You have total control over how the money is invested.

Making new contributions to the RESP is usually as simple as a typing a few numbers on a screen and clicking enter. (No more sitting through sales pitches disguised as contribution meetings at your bank.)

You can check the details of your account and its earnings almost any time. You do not have to wait for quarterly or annual statements.

You can arrange to have contributions made automatically to your account on a monthly or annual basis. (This is also true of RESPs held at banks and of group RESPs managed by private companies.)

Cons for Holding your Children’s RESP at an Online Discount Brokerage

Many brokerages do not allow you to apply for all of the matching government grant programs. If you are planning to apply for grants in addition to the standard Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG, check with the brokerage to find out whether it supports the desired program before opening an account.

You may need to have a large minimum balance to avoid paying annual fees. (There is at least one exception to this.)

No one will provide you with guidance or advice about what to buy.

You will have to choose how to invest your money and if you lose money because of your choices there is no way to recover it.

If you wish to invest in GICs you may find the minimum purchase amount is very large. For example, the minimum at BMO InvestorLine is $5 000 per GIC.

If you wish to invest in a daily interest savings account fund, the minimum purchase amount may be large. For example, at BMO InvestorLine you have to keep a minimum balance of $5 000 in the fund, or sell all of your units.

A mutual fund you wish to invest in may not be offered for sale by your brokerage. For example, no brokerage currently offers the Tangerine mutual funds. Check before you open an account.

Occasionally there may be a minimum investment requirement for a mutual fund. This tends to be set by the mutual fund company, such as Steadyhand, however, not usually by the brokerage. If it’s a concern, check before opening the RESP account.

You will usually have to pay a commission fee each time you purchase or sell shares of a company or units of an ETF. The commissions vary from about $7 – $10 depending on the brokerage. Some brokerages may waive the purchase commission for some or all ETFs.

If you are planning to use a dividend re-investment program for shares or stocks in the RESP, be aware that

  • Brokerage accounts offer a synthetic DRIP. You will only get a new share or shares if your dividend payment is enough to purchase one or more entire new shares of the company. You cannot buy fractional shares in a brokerage account.
  • Each brokerage has a list of stocks and ETFs that for which it offers a DRIP. You may not be able to DRIP all ETFs or all stocks. If this bothers you, check whether the stocks and ETFs you want to purchase are eligible for a DRIP before you open a brokerage account at that institution.

If you transfer in your RESP from another institution, you may or may not be provided with good information easily about how much of the plan comes from your contributions, how much from the government grant/s, and how much from earnings made by the investments. I strongly recommend you keep clear records yourself!

The brokerage usually does not have any mechanism to stop you from over-contributing to the RESP. You should keep accurate records yourself about your contributions and make sure you do not exceed the $50 000 limit per child. Also, it will not warn you if you are contributing more than is needed to get the matching CES grant for that year.

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Do you host your RESP at an online brokerage? Have you run into any other drawbacks that you’d like to warn us about? Please share your experiences with a comment.

Which Self-Directed Brokerages Handle Which RESP Grants, Bonds and Incentives?

Most online self-directed brokerages offer RESPs within which you can receive the Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG. There are other grants and incentives available for some children, however, that not all brokerages are set up to handle. This is gradually changing as brokerages improve their offerings, so for the most up to date information, always speak with the brokerage you are considering. As of May 2014, however, this list summarizes which RESP grants, incentives and bonds are supported by which of the bigger self-directed brokerages.

What Government Grants, Bonds and Incentives Are on Offer for Children’s Education Savings?

I found information about the following federal and provincial government grants, bonds, incentives and programs to help save money for children’s higher education. There may be other programs: if you know of one, please add a comment to this article.

Federal Government Education Savings Programs

Provincial Government Education Savings Programs

Government Education Funds and Self-Directed Brokerages

In order for your child to get paid various government funds for higher education, the financial institution managing your child’s RESP must set up systems that meet the various government requirements. Not all brokerages have set up the required computer systems so they don’t all support all of the possible government programs available.
Before you choose a brokerage for your child’s RESP, one factor to consider is whether that brokerage supports the grants, bonds, programs and incentives your child is entitled to receive.

(Other factors may include things like

  • whether there is an annual fee for the account;
  • whether both parents can be subscribers and share rights to the account;
  • what the costs are to make various types of investments;
  • how easy or difficult it is to withdraw funds from the account when your child starts post-secondary education;
  • etc.)

The brokerages are listed in alphabetical order.

BMO InvestorLine RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG *
  • Additional Education Savings Grant, AESG *
  • Canada Learning Bond, CLB *
  • Alberta Centennial Education Savings Plan, ACES *
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI, Basic and Additional Amount

Source: https://www.bmoinvestorline.com/home/getting-started/il/accounts/resp
*This information is also listed on the gc site.

There is no mention on the BMO website about whether they can receive the Saskatchewan Advantage Grant for Education Savings, SAGES. On the gc website, it does not report that InvestorLine can manage this grant.

CIBC Investor’s Edge RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG
  • Alberta Centennial Education Savings Plan, ACES
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI

Investor’s Edge is not listed on the gc site at all.

I used the LiveChat feature to ask a CIBC Investor’s Edge representative what grants were supported. The agent replied: “CIBC Investor’s Edge currently offers the basic CESG, Alberta Centennial Education Savings Plan (ACES) and Quebec Education Savings Incentive (QESI).”

If you needed to receive the AESG or QESI additional amount I would suggest you confirm with CIBC IE before opening an account. It sounds like they may not be offered at this time (May 2014.)

Questrade RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG *
  • Additional Education Savings Grant, AESG *
  • Canada Learning Bond, CLB *
  • Alberta Centennial Education Savings Plan, ACES *
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI

* This information is listed on the gc site.

The Questrade site only mentions the CESG, AESG and CLB. So I used Questrade’s online chat to ask an agent what is supported. He replied that all of the above government programs are supported and that they do not yet support the SAGES grant.

RBC Direct Investing RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG *
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI

Source: http://www.rbcdirectinvesting.com/resp-account.html
*This information is also listed on the gc site.

I confirmed by sending a question via LiveChat that at this time in May 2014 those are the only grants RBC Direct Investing is supporting.

Scotia iTrade RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG
  • Additional Education Savings Grant, AESG
  • Canada Learning Bond, CLB
  • Alberta Centennial Education Savings Plan, ACES
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI, Basic and Additional Amount

Scotia iTrade is not listed on the gc site at all.

I wrote an email to the iTrade support team. They don’t seem to have live online chat and I couldn’t find any details easily on their website. They replied 1.5 days later with the above information. The representative said that at this time (May 2014) they do not support SAGES.

TD Direct Investing RESPs Can Receive

the

  • Canada Education Savings Grant, CESG
  • Quebec Education Savings Incentive, QESI

Source: http://www.tdwaterhouse.ca/products-services/investing/td-direct-investing/accounts/resp/#content3 which states:
“TD Direct Investing offers only the Canada Education Savings Grant and the Quebec Education Savings Incentive, not any other federal or provincial grants or incentives.”

TD Direct Investing is not listed on the gc site at all.

The gc site is at: http://www.esdc.gc.ca/eng/jobs/student/promoters/list.shtml#B

The Master List of Banks, Credit Unions and Brokerages and Which Grants, Bonds and Incentives They Support

There is a massive online list available from the federal government of which institutions support which grants, bonds and incentives. It does not list the Quebec Education Savings Initiative, QESI, but it does list the CESG, AESG, CLB, ACES and Saskatchewan Advantage Grant for Education Savings, SAGES.

Transferring RESPs Between Institutions

Be VERY CAREFUL if you transfer RESPs between two institutions. There may be special paperwork required before the transfer is initiated to ensure the grant, bond or incentive monies do not have to be given back to the government that issued them. Discuss the move in detail with both institutions before you start it!

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Do you receive any grants in addition to the CESG for your child’s education? If so, is your RESP at a brokerage? Please share your insights into maximizing your RESP value with a comment.